The Friday view is based on the wording of Mark 15:42, which says that Christ's crucifixion occurred on the day of preparation, "the day before the Sabbath". Since the Hebrew Sabbath is on Saturday, the Church traditionally held that Jesus was crucified on Friday. However, Jesus prophesied that he would be dead for three days and three nights before his resurrection: "For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth." (Matthew 12:40). There are obviously not three days and three nights between Friday evening and Sunday morning.
The problem appears easily resolved by a clarification of what Mark meant by "sabbath". Along with the weekly Sabbath day, the Jews had other "sabbaths" throughout the year, marking high holy days. In Matthew 28:1, the Greek should be translated, "at the end of the sabbaths" - a plural word - noting that there had been more than one sabbath the previous week. The first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread was also considered a "sabbath" (Lev. 23:6,7). This Feast is celebrated on Nisan 15, the day after the Passover (Lev. 23:5-6). Jesus was crucified on the Passover and Mark 15:42-43 notes that Joseph of Arimathea desired to take Christ's body down from the cross before the high sabbath began.
[Luke 22:1 and Matt 26:17 create confusion. Denotatively, the two Feasts are separate days. Connotatively, the entire period from Passover through the 7 days of the Feast of Unleavened Bread is considered "Passover".]
If Passover, the 14th of Nisan, fell earlier in the week, the 15th could have been any day prior to Saturday, the weekly Sabbath. "When the sabbaths were past" would, of course, be Sunday (actually, Saturday after sundown), in accordance to the Feast of Firstfruits. (Some hold to a Thursday crucifixion on a similar basis.)
John 12:1 mentions that Jesus traveled to Bethany six days before the Passover. Hebrew days are reckoned from sundown to sundown, so that each "day" begins at sundown the evening before. These six evening-to-morning periods are important to our understanding of the fulfillment of Old Testament Feasts, particularly the Feasts of Passover, Unleavened Bread and Firstfruits. We will track these days and see how they match the pattern set down for us in the book of Leviticus.
DAY ONE - FRIDAY -
The 9th of Nisan
We know from Luke 19:1 and Mark 10:46 that Jesus was in Jericho prior to traveling to Bethany. Jesus would have had to be in Bethany before sundown on Friday, since at sundown the Sabbath would start, and long-distance travel was not permitted on the Sabbath.
DAY TWO - SATURDAY (sundown Friday to sundown Saturday) -
The 10th of Nisan
"On the next day much people that were come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, took branches of palm trees, and went forth to meet him, and cried, Hosanna: Blessed is the King of Israel that cometh in the name of the Lord." - John 12:12-13
This is Jesus' Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem, commemorated on Palm Sunday (in accordance with the Friday view, which put it 5 days before the crucifixion). However, it appears it occurred on a Saturday. Jesus went into the Temple and threw out the money changers shortly after this. He then taught daily in the Temple until the Passover (Luke 19:45-48, Mark 11:15-17).
His entry into Jerusalem on the 10th day of Nisan also corresponds with Exodus 12:3-6, in which a lamb was separated from the flock and put on display as the lamb destined to be sacrificed on Passover. On this day, Jesus was put on display as he proceeded from Bethany down the Mount of Olives toward Jerusalem. While the People welcomed Jesus as the Messiah, the King, his primary purpose at that time was to die, as he explains in John 12:23-33.
DAY THREE - SUNDAY (sundown Saturday to sundown Sunday) -
The 11th of Nisan
During this time, the "Lamb of God" was on public display in and around Jerusalem, teaching the people many things. Some of Jesus' most well-known parables and prophecies were made during these next several days.
DAY FOUR - MONDAY (sundown Sunday to sundown Monday) -
The 12th of Nisan
A quiet day at Bethany - Matt 26:2-6 (spent in the house of Simon the Leper).
DAY FIVE - TUESDAY (sundown Monday to sundown Tuesday) -
The 13th of Nisan
DAY SIX - WEDNESDAY (sundown Tuesday to sundown Wednesday) -
The 14th of Nisan
- The Last Supper took place at the Passover meal (Luke 22:15-20, John 13-17). Jesus offered his disciples the broken bread and the wine as representing his own body and blood. He washed their feet and taught them many last things before his death.
- He was arrested in the Garden after Judas' betrayal.
- After several trials, he was beaten and finally crucified on Wednesday afternoon.
- The preparations for burial were made before sundown (Mark 15:42-43).
THE THREE DAYS IN THE TOMB
DAY ONE - THURSDAY (sundown Wednesday to sundown Thursday) -
15th of Nisan
Leviticus 23:5 designates the 14th of Nisan to be the day for observing Passover. Jesus was placed in the tomb just prior to sundown on Wednesday and spent his first full night and day in the tomb beginning on the 15th of Nisan, the Feast of Unleavened Bread. Unleavened bread was pure bread. Jesus was pure and undefiled and without sin. During the Jewish observance of this feast, some of the unleavened bread was to be hidden away by the father for a time, only to be brought out and eaten later.
DAY TWO - FRIDAY (sundown Thursday to sundown Friday) -
16th of Nisan
DAY THREE - SATURDAY (sundown Friday to sundown Saturday) -
17th of Nisan
Jesus' body lay in the grave for the third night after his crucifixion. Sometime after sundown Saturday evening (the start of Sunday), Jesus rose from the dead. Thus, he had been in the grave three days and three nights as prophesied. [Some argue from Luke 24:20-21 that Jesus must have been crucified on Thursday, which would have had him in the grave Thursday night and Friday, Friday night and Saturday, Saturday night and Sunday morning.]
On Sunday morning, when the women went to the tomb with burial spices, they found the tomb empty. Sunday, as the "morrow after the Sabbath" after Passover was the Feast of Firstfruits (Lev 23:10-11; 1 Cor 15:20-23). In rising from the dead, Jesus became the first-fruits of all those who die and yet will be resurrected to live forever.
If you read carefully the last two paragraphs, you will see why Sunday is celebrated for the risen Christ, THE LORDS DAY
"One person esteems one day above another; another esteems every day alike. Let each be fully convinced in his own mind. He who observes the day, observes it to the Lord; and he who does not observe the day, to the Lord he does not observe it" (Romans 14:5–6a). "But now after you have known God, or rather are known by God, how is it that you turn again to the weak and beggarly elements, to which you desire again to be in bondage? You observe days and months and seasons and years" (Galatians 4:9–10).
But some claim that a mandate by Constantine in A.D. 321 "changed" the Sabbath from Saturday to Sunday. On what day did the early church meet for worship? Scripture never mentions any Sabbath (Saturday) gatherings by believers for fellowship or worship. However, there are clear passages that mention the first day of the week. For instance, Acts 20:7 states that "on the first day of the week the disciples came together to break bread." In 1 Corinthians 16:2 Paul urges the Corinthian believers "on the first day of the week let each one of you lay something aside, storing up as he may prosper." Since Paul designates this offering as "service" in 2 Corinthians 9:12, this collection must have been linked with the Sunday worship service of the Christian assembly. Historically Sunday, not Saturday, was the normal meeting day for Christians in the church, and its practice dates back to the first century.
The Sabbath was given to Israel, not the church. The Sabbath is still Saturday, not Sunday, and has never been changed. But the Sabbath is part of the Old Testament Law, and Christians are free from the bondage of the Law (Galatians 4:1-26; Romans 6:14). Sabbath keeping is not required of the Christian—be it Saturday or Sunday. The first day of the week, Sunday, the Lord's Day (Revelation 1:10) celebrates the New Creation, with Christ as our resurrected Head. We are not obligated to follow the Mosaic Sabbath—resting, but are now free to follow the risen Christ—serving. The Apostle Paul said that each individual Christian should decide whether to observe a Sabbath rest, “One man considers one day more sacred than another; another man considers every day alike. Each one should be fully convinced in his own mind” (Romans 14:5). We are to worship God every day, not just on Saturday or Sunday.