Christianity Teachings vs Islamic Teachings using the Ten Commandments:
1. 'You shall have no other gods before Me.'
2. 'You shall not make for yourself any idol, nor bow down to it or worship it.'
In both Islam and Christianity we believe there is only ONE GOD and no worshipping idols... this is one reason why Islam does not support the Trinity because it contradicts the whole 'one God belief'.
3.'You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God'.
Both religions encounter this act as blasphemy
4. ‘You shall remember and keep the Sabbath day holy.’
Christians have Sabbath and Muslims have Jummah, which is like a Sabbath day,
Sabbath is from Friday evening to Saturday evening:
From evening unto evening shall you celebrate your Sabbaths
Jummah is from Thursday evening to Friday evening. On Jummah day Muslims gather together, preach and worship.
5. ‘Respect your father and mother’
This is seen as very important in both religions.
Islam says: “And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him. And that you be dutiful to your parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them a word of disrespect, nor shout at them but address them in terms of honour.” (Quran 17:23)
Both religions see Mary as an ideal mother/female role model
6. ‘You must not kill.’
Islam strictly prohibits murder. Islam means peace. You should be able to figure of from the definition of the name of the religion that it does not allow for such inhumane acts.
Islam only allows killing during war, and even then so it disallows the killing of women and children in wars.
Contrary to the belief of society, Islam does not allow honour killing. That is a cultural thing in certain areas of the world.
However, Islam does allow you to kill someone if it is self defence, I dont think christianity does.
7. ‘You must not commit adultery.’
Neither religions allow this sinful act.
"Do not go near to adultery. Surely it is a shameful deed and evil, opening roads (to other evils)" (Quran 17:32).
8. ‘You must not steal.’
Islam is strict one this just as much as Christians. Muslims are not allowed to reap a full 100% profit from an item they are selling.
Islam forbids theft. Even begging is not allowed.
9. ‘You must not give false evidence against your neighbour.’
The Muslim prophet Muhammad was quoted as saying, "Be honest because honesty leads to goodness, and goodness leads to Paradise. Beware of falsehood because it leads to immorality, and immorality leads to Hell."
Muslims are not allowed to lie or exaggerate
10. ‘You must not be envious of your neighbour's goods. You shall not be envious of his house nor his wife, nor anything that belongs to your neighbour.’
The Prophet Muhammad said: Beware of envy because indeed envy destroys good deeds in the same manner as fire destroys wood
Muslims do believe in the original Old Testament, however over the centuries the actual original scriptures have altered in a major way and some of the true definitions have been changed, therefore they believe the testaments present nowadays do not reflect the true original meaning .. (if that makes sense lol).
The Quran on the other hand is always translated from the original scripture do avoid 'loss of information' and 'misguidance'.
Differences:
Trinity - Only One God in one form
Sin and Salvation - Muslims believe life is a test therefore sins and good deeds will all be accounted for.
Jesus never claimed divinity according to Muslims
Jesus never died on the cross and he will return
There is obviously a lot more, but I think my 'essay on the 10 commandments' is long enough lol :P