SHIA ISLAM
(Two of the three answers are according to Ayatullah Sistani, who is followed by most Shia Muslims. The second answer is from Sayyid Fadlullah.)
http://www.shiachat.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=40331&st=0&p=501171entry501171
"Euthanasia, Halal or not?"
YaZahraa`
Sep 11 2004, 12:32 AM Post #3
According to Ayotullah Seestani:
"It is not permissible for a doctor to switch of [off] the medical apparatus providing a Muslim patient with oxygen, even if he is brain dead, i.e. in vegetative state. This is beacause the human life is Islam is sacrosanct. The doctor should not give in to the demand of the patient or his family-members for stopping medical aid. If the doctor pulls out the plug and the Muslim patient dies because of it, he will be considered a killer."
http://www.shiachat.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=40331&st=0&p=501991entry501991
Khademat_AhlulBayt
Sep 11 2004, 07:13 PM Post #10
Sayyed Fadhlullah
...
"[If] mercy killing means brain death, when the patient is considered medically dead and when the possibility of the brain’s re-functioning is less than one percent, then we can say that it is not a must to use the apparatus that elongates the body’s life represented by the heart movement."
...
[my note: Sayyid Fadlullah has been slidelined by many from among the mainstream Shia scholarship.]
"Lawful killing"
http://www.shiachat.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=31639&st=0&p=379183entry379183
Abdul Hussain
May 12 2004, 06:35 PM Post #9
According to Sayyid Seestani:
(Q.62) A doctor who works in a hospital in Chicago, USA might, as a matter of standing procedure, not resort to giving a patient, who is suffering from terminal illness, life saving help like CPR. This procedure is adopted when, for instance, the patient's heart had stopped or blood pressure are dropping. In so doing the hospital and doctors will let the patient pass away peacefully. Should the doctor recommend DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) following hospital orders?
A: If the patient is non-Muslim, there is no objection to not giving the him life saving help like CPR. If the patient is Muslim, you have to exhaust all means to rescuing his life. The patient's request and/or that of his relatives not to save his life must be rendered ineffective.
(Q.63) What is the ruling on patients, who are brain dead, i.e. they do not have any senses and are only kept alive through some life supporting devices? Should the doctor, following hospital orders, remove such devices and let the patient die peacefully?
A: If the patient is non-Muslim, there is no objection to removing such medical devices, that help the patient continue life. If the patient is Muslim, it is not permissible to do so. The request of his relatives to switch off the life supporting machine must be rendered ineffective.
SUNNI ISLAM
(Both answers are in accordance with the Hanafi madhhab, which is practised by the majority of Sunni Muslims.)
http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=1&ID=4918&CATE=233
With regards to withdrawing treatment from patients in order for them to die naturally and in a dignified way, it should be remembered that according to the majority of scholars medical treatment is not something that is necessary (wajib) upon the person inflicted with a illness. It is merely something that is permissible. Some scholars went to the extent to say that it is preferable to abstain from treatment and have patience (sabr) rather than treating the illness or disease.
http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view_print.asp?ID=5046
It is permitted to stop medication, because it is established from the Sunna of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that it is a recommended sunna, but not obligatory, to undertake medical treatment. This is the position of the overwhelming majority of Islamic scholarship.
More from Shia Islam
http://www.al-islam.org/greater_sins_complete/10.htm
Murder
The fifth Greater Sin is the murder of that person whose execution has not been ordered by Allah (S.w.T.) and the Holy Prophet (S). Traditions which confirm that murder is a Greater Sin have already been mentioned at the beginning. Moreover the verses of the Holy Qur’an mention clearly the Divine punishment for the murderers.
[There is much material on this page. Check it out. See also 5:32 of the Qur'an: http://www.al-islam.org/quran/process.asp?tArabic=on&tShakir=on&tAliCommentary=on&Sura=5&SavedSura=1&fAya=32&tAya=32&searchText=&arabicdisplay=windows .]