The Cosmological Argument is the argument for the beginning of the universe. If the universe had a beginning, then the universe had a cause.
In logical form, the argument goes like this:
1. Everything that had a beginning had a cause.
2. The universe had a beginning.
3. Therefore the universe had a cause
THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
Thermodynamics is the study of matter and energy, and the Second Law states, among other things, that the universe is running out of usable energy. With each passing moment, the amount of usable energy in the universe grows smaller, leading scientists to the obvious conclusion that one day all the energy will be gone and the universe will die. Like a running car, the universe will ultimately run out of gas.
So how does this prove that the universe had a beginning?
Well, lets look at it this way: the First Law of Thermodynamics states that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant. In other words, the universe has only a finite amount of energy. If your car has 1 full tank of gas (first law), and if your car is running and consuming gas (second law), would your car be running right now if you had started it up an infinitely long time ago? No, it would be out of gas by now. In the same way, the universe would be out of energy by now if it had been running from all eternity.
But here we are and the lights are still on.
The Second Law is also know as the Law of Entropy, which is a fancy way of saying that nature tends to bring things to disorder. That is, with time, things naturally fall apart. Your car, your house, you fall apart.
But if the universe is becoming less ordered, then where did the original order come from?
Astronomer Robert Jastrow likens the universe to a wound-up clock. If a wound-up clock is running down, then someone must have wound it up.
This aspect of the Second Law tells us that the universe had a beginning. Since we still have some order left—just like we have some usable energy left—the universe cannot be eternal, because if it were, we would have reached complete disorder (entropy) by now.
THE UNIVERSE IS EXPANDING
Good scientific theories are those that are able to predict phenomena that have not yet been observed. Einstein’s General Relativity predicted the expanding universe. But it wasn’t until Edwin Hubble looked through his telescope more that 10 years later that scientists finally confirmed that the universe is expanding and that it is expanding from a single point. This expanding universe is the second line of scientific evidence that the universe had a beginning.
How does the expanding universe prove a beginning?
If we could watch a video recording of the expanding universe in reverse, we would see all matter in the universe collapse back to a single point, not even the size of a pin head, but mathematically and logically to a point that is actually nothing (i.e., no space, no time, and no matter).
In other words, once there was nothing, and then, BANG, there was something—the entire universe exploded into being! This, of course, is what is commonly called the “Big Bang.”
Is the universe expanding into empty space?
No, the universe is expanding into space that is also expanding.
There was no space before the Big Bang.
In fact, chronologically, there was no “before” the Big Bang because there are no “Befores” without time, and there was no time until the Big Bang. Time, Space, and Matter came into existence at the Big Bang.
Atheists argue that as we go back in time before the Big Bang, to when there was no time, and to where there was no space, At this time before time, they imagine a swirling dust of mathematical points which recombine again and again and again and finally come by trial and error to form our space time universe.
This position is not even scientific theory but is actually self-contradictory pop-metaphysics.
It is pop-metaphysics because it’s a made-up explanation—there’s absolutely no scientific evidence supporting it.
It also self-contradictory because it assumes time and space before there was time and space.
This is the point that an Atheist has trouble explaining the beginning. They want to put something where nothing existed.
RADIATION FROM THE BIG BANG
The 3rd line of scientific evidence that the universe had a beginning was discovered by accident in 1965. That’s when Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected strange radiation on their antenna at Bell Labs in Holmdel, New Jersey. No matter where they turned their antenna, this mysterious radiation remained. They initially thought it might be the result of bird droppings from the nesting Jersey Shore Pigeons, so they had the pigeons and the droppings removed. But when they got back inside, they found that the radiation was still there, and it was coming from all directions.
What they had detected turned out to be one of the most incredible discoveries of the last century—one that would win them Nobel Prizes.
They had discovered the afterglow from the Big Bang fireball explosion.
Technically known as the cosmic background radiation.
Back in 1948 3 scientists had predicted that this radiation would be out there if the Big Bang did really occur.
GREAT GALAXY SEEDS
Scientists also predicted that if the Big Bang had occurred you would see slight variations (or ripples) in the temperature of the cosmic background radiation the Penzias and Wilson had discovered.
These temperature ripples enabled matter to congregate by gravitational attraction into galaxies.
In 1989 the search for these ripples was intensified when NASA launched a satellite, carrying extremely sensitive instruments able to see whether or not these ripples actually existed in the background radiation and how precise they were.
In 1992, astronomer George Smoot, announced the findings of the satellite. He said, “If you’re religious, it’s like looking at God.”
NASA not only found the ripples, but scientists were amazed at their precision. The ripples show that the explosion and expansion of the universe was precisely tweaked to cause just enough matter to congregate to allow galaxy formation, but not enough to cause the universe to collapse back on itself.
Any slight variation and none of us would be here to talk about it.
But these temperature ripples are not just dots on a scientists graph somewhere, or just some theory. The NASA satellite actually took infrared pictures of the ripples.
Also something to keep in mind, the pictures that the satellite took are of the past.
GOD AND THE ASTRONOMERS
So the universe had a beginning. What does that mean for the question of God’s existence?
Scientist Robert Jastrow (atheist, then agnostic) observed in an interview, “Astronomers now find they have painted themselves into a corner because they have proven, by their own methods, that the world began abruptly in an act to which you can trace the seeds of every star, every planet, every living thing in this cosmos and on the earth. And they have found that all this happened as a product of forces they cannot hope to discover…that there are what I or anyone would call supernatural forces at work is now, I think, a scientifically proven fact.”
Arthur Eddington (who found his calculations “repugnant”, also an atheist, then agnostic) admitted, “The beginning seems to present insuperable difficulties unless we agree to look on it as frankly supernatural.”
Now why would Jastrow and Eddington admit that there are “supernatural” forces at work? Why couldn’t natural forces have produced the universe?
Because these scientists know as well as anyone that natural forces—indeed all of nature—were created at the Big Bang. In other words, the Big Bang was the beginning point for the entire physical universe. Time, space, and matter came into existence at that point. There was no natural world or natural law prior to the Big Bang. Since a cause cannot come after its effect, natural forces cannot account for the Big Bang. Therefore, there must be something outside of nature to do the job. That’s exactly what the word supernatural means.