Noah is earliest of the people you refer to. It's up to you what you choose as a 'symbol'; there's nothing to attribute a symbol to any of them, so make of the stories what you will. Also, none of these people were Israelites - that wasn't a term used until Jacob was renamed Israel and then had children - they were the original Israelites.
Noah didn't have an arch. He built an ark to keep him, his family and male and female of each animal safe from the flood. He sent out a raven to see if it could find dry land - it couldn't. Later he sent a dove - it didn't find land the first time, but the second time it brought back an olive twig. After the flood, Gd gave the rainbow as a promise that such a thing would never happen again. This is, obviously, a myth (hardly anyone believes it's literally true, not least because no structure resembling what's described as the ark could have contained all the animals, birds, reptile, amphibians, invertebrates etc on earth).
Abraham was told by Gd to go on a journey - in fact his father had started the journey from Ur, but they'd come to a halt. He was actually called Abram at this point and had a wife called Sarai. After many years, they had no children, and Sarai told Abraham to have sex with her servant Hagar so he could have a child. The resulting child was Ishmael. Later, Gd told him he had to be circumcised as a mark of the covenant with Gd, and their names were changed to Abraham and Sarah. They then had a son, Isaac (NB spelling). There's a whole story about Sarah getting jealous and having Hagar and Ishmael sent away - they nearly died. And Abraham was told by Gd to take Isaac to Mt Moriah and sacrifice him but at the last minute Gd stops him doing it and shows him a ram caught in a thicket to be killed instead. This is the mark of the absolute forbidding of child sacrifice which was common in surrounding groups. There's tons more to the Abraham story, but that'll do for your 'five facts'.
Isaac has fewer stories about him. After the Binding of Isaac (i.e. his preparation as a sacrifice) and his survival, the next event is when his father sends back home to Mesopotamia to get a wife for him. Isaac and Rebekah didn't have children for ages (as you can see, infertility is not a new problem) but Isaac prays and Rebekah then has twin sons, Esau and Jacob. Isaac, old and blind, intends to give Esau, the older twin, his blessing but Rebekah favours Jacob and helps him trick Isaac into giving him, Jacob, the blessing that passes the birthright to him.
Jacob, after all that, is sent back to Mesopotamia to the family, to find a wife. En route he has a vision of a ladder reaching into the sky, with angels going up and down, and of Gd blessing him. Arriving at his uncle's town, he meets Rachel, his daughter, at the well and falls in love. The uncle, Laban, makes him work his socks off with the sheep in order to win Rachel's hand in marriage, but then tricks him so he has married Leah, the older daughter. He has to work some more to get Rachel as well. Through the two of them and their servants he ends up with twelve sons and one daughter, according to the biblical account (but then women are often discounted....). The family then head off back to where Jacob had been born (Canaan) and en route Jacob, hearing that Esau is coming to meet him and afraid, sends his family back over a river but he returns to sort out all the possessions. While he's on this bank of the river, he finds himself wrestling with someone - man, angel, Gd, who knows? But after this, which results in a permanent limp, he takes the name "Isra-el" meaning Gd-wrestler. There's a whole story about one of the sons, Joseph, which (to cut a very long story short) ends up with the whole family going to Egypt where Joseph is one of pharaoh's trusted men. But Jacob/Israel asks to be buried in Canaan, and he is, in the cave of Machpelah.
And, just finally, I have no notion why you referred to a hatred of Christianity. These stories are the stories of the forefathers of the Jews, and I am a Jew.