In monotheistic religions such as the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, the code of conduct is determined by God (HaShem/Allah) and immorality is considered to be sin which may be forgiven by repentance.
In this religious context, an act that violates Gods moral code of conduct or the state of having committed such a violation is a sin and iniquity, perversity, depravity and guilt are gradations of sin.
Morality refers to the concept of human ethics which pertains to matters of good and evil —also referred to as "right or wrong", used within three contexts: individual conscience; systems of principles and judgments — sometimes called moral values —shared within a cultural, religious, secular, Humanist, or philosophical community; and codes of behavior or conduct.
Personal morality defines and distinguishes among right and wrong intentions, motivations or actions, as these have been learned, engendered, or otherwise developed within each individual.
God's commandments are found In the Bible (TaNaK) and the Qur'an. In the TaNaK (Old Testatment of Bible), God's commandments are called mitzvah/mitzvot in Hebrew (מצווהmitzvah "commandment"; plural, mitzvot; from צוה, tzavah, "command") and there are 613 (not 10) of them, the do's and dont's. Many of the mitzvot cannot be carried out because they are involved with temple sacrifices. Many of the mitzvot are dietary restrictions. The mitzvot may be summarized by the 7 Noahide Laws.
The Hebrew word for sin is avera. Teshuva (Hebrew תשובה, returning), is the way of atoning for sin in Judaism.
Judaism describes three levels of sin:
---o Pesha פשע or Mered - An intentional sin; an action committed in deliberate defiance of God; (Strong's Concordance :H6588 (פשעpesha', peh'shah). According to Strong it comes from the root (:H6586); rebellion, transgression, trespass.
---o Avon - This is a sin of lust or uncontrollable emotion. It is a sin done knowingly, but not done to defy God; (Strong's Concordance :H5771 (avon, aw-vone). According to Strong it comes from the root (:H5753); meaning perversity, moral evil:--fault, iniquity, mischief.
---o Cheit - חַטָּא This is an unintentional sin, crime or fault. (Strong's Concordance :H2399 (khate). According to Strong it comes from the root khaw-taw (:H2398, H2403) meaning "to miss, to err from the mark (speaking of an archer), to sin, to stumble."
The Arabic word for sin is ذنب dhanb. Tab\wba (returning), is the way of atoning for sin in Islam.
Islam distinguishes several gradations of sin:
---o sayyia, khatia: mistakes (Suras 7:168; 17:31; 40:45; 47:19 48:2)
---o itada, junah, dhanb: immorality (Suras 2:190,229; 17:17 33:55)
---o *****: transgressions (Suras 5:4; 6:146)
---o ithm, dhulam, fujur, su, fasad, fisk, kufr: wickedness and depravity (Suras 2:99, 205; 4:50, 112, 123, 136; 12:79; 38:62; 82:14)
---o shirk: ascribing a partner to Allah (Sura 4:48)
Every child is born “fitrat“ (nature) without any sin (guiltless or innocent) and he remains such unless he intentionally commits a sin (i.e. disobeys Allah's commandments). Muslims believe that Allah is angered by sin and punishes some sinners with the fires of Hell (jahannam), but that He is also the Merciful (ar-rahman) and the Forgiving (al-ghaffar), and forgives those who repent and serve Him.
The word in Arabic for "holy" is zakiyya, a word with the root meaning "purity". This form of the word principally means "innocent, pure, clean, faultless". Islam accepts that Jesus and his mother were zakiyya.
Throughout the Muslim world today it is generally believed that all of the prophets enjoyed an "isma", a protection against sin, and that they were accordingly sinless. It is one of the anomalies of Islam that this doctrine has been established and maintained against the plain teaching of the Quran and Hadith to the contrary.