I am in the process of reading a book on English history and that book's def. of 'the Dark Ages' was the time between when the Roman Era ended and 'the Church' (which formed into the Catholic Church) took over. At that time, there was no writing but from the stories that came out of it (Arthurian legends), it was paganism that gave way to 'Christianity'.
there is no record of whether or not any actual atheists (as we know the word) existed.
If the pagans had successfully endured, equality between women & men would have existed and scientists would have felt more free to make their discoveries...BUT, they may have continued the practice of human sacrifice...and it is really hard to say where humanity would be with science & medicine. After all, they used herbs...and I assume the leech thing was a hangover from old pagan practices.
There still would have been power-hungry individuals but it's hard to say what society would have been like when the Romanesque cultures combined with the pagans of the Isles if the pagan religions had held on.
In fact, from what I've seen/heard, it's not very clear on how frequent human sacrifice was...It may have been very occasional, like it was in the OT.
I would assume that no one would have prevented anyone from learning anything so we could have been much further aalong. Bu it's hard to say. Americans should concentrate more on history and the mistakes made so we can LEARN from it.
@ me, you should really read about the medeival period...the Crusades, the Inquisition and I blame them for letting the Black Plage wreak as much havoc as it did. Not to mention the countless 'witch hunts' and the fact that Christians were constantly killing each other over a person's intepretation. K. Henry called himself a Christian and he beheaded thousands of people, including two of his wives. Not to mention that by his splitting from the RCC to form the C ofE, that sparked hundreds of years of 'The Protestant Wars'
They were still warlords, all through the Middle Ages and the clergy was corrupt beyond belief.
There was a reason the Founding Fathers wanted to keep the church and state separate!